What GHK-Cu adds to the formulation: Gene expression modulation across hundreds of genes including collagen genes (Type I, III), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, anti-inflammatory mediators Collagen synthesis stimulation, specifically Type I and Type III collagen the structural proteins of skin, connective tissue, and many other tissues Anti-inflammatory signaling through investigated effects on TNF-, IL-6, and NF-B pathways Copper-peptide chemistry effects including cofactor activity for skin-relevant enzymes Skin-research and hair-research applications (the GHK-Cu literature in these areas is substantial) For the GHK-Cu deep-dive, see Copper Peptides Explained
Some patients have a sensitivity to copper that manifests as more pronounced injection site discomfort
For example, Angelman syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder involving severe developmental delay, intellectual disability and seizures, resulting from loss of function of the maternally inherited UBE3A gene on chromosome 15q1113 [163]
Re-evaluate need, efficacy, and safety with follow-up labs and clinical exams on an occasional basis